What type of skin cells are primarily responsible for protective functions against pathogens?

Keratinocytes are the primary type of skin cells responsible for protective functions against pathogens. These cells make up the bulk of the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Their main role is to provide a physical barrier that protects underlying tissues from environmental threats, including pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. Keratinocytes produce keratin, a tough, fibrous protein that strengthens the skin and helps to waterproof it, further enhancing its protective qualities.

Additionally, keratinocytes are involved in immune responses. They can produce antimicrobial peptides and cytokines that play a role in signaling and defense against infection. This ability to act as both a physical barrier and an active participant in immune defense mechanisms underscores their importance in protecting the body from pathogens.

In contrast, adipocytes primarily function in storing fat, fibroblasts are involved in the production of extracellular matrix and collagen, and melanocytes are primarily responsible for the production of melanin, which protects against ultraviolet (UV) radiation but does not have a direct role in pathogen defense.