Which type of hormone is derived from proteins?

Peptide hormones are indeed derived from proteins, making them the correct choice. These hormones are made up of chains of amino acids and are synthesized in the ribosomes of endocrine cells. Once produced, they are stored in vesicles until they are needed, at which point they are released into the bloodstream. Peptide hormones include well-known examples such as insulin and glucagon, which play vital roles in regulating metabolism and blood sugar levels.

In contrast, steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol, not proteins. They include hormones like cortisol and estrogen, which have different synthesis and mechanisms of action compared to peptide hormones. Amino acid hormones, such as thyroid hormones and catecholamines, derive from individual amino acids rather than polypeptides. Prostaglandins are lipid compounds derived from fatty acids and are involved in various physiological processes like inflammation and blood flow regulation.

Understanding the origin and function of these different types of hormones is crucial in the study of human physiology and endocrine system regulation. Peptide hormones form a significant category within this system, characterized by their protein-based structure and rapid response capabilities in the body.